What is Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP).

Spanning- Tree Protocol (STP) as defined in the IEEE 802.1D is a link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops in the network. For an Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist between two stations. Loops occur in networks for a variety of reasons. The most common reason you find loops in network is the result of a deliberate attempt to provide redundancy- in case one link or switch fails, another link or switch can take over.